Making up missed prayers.

‘Qaḍāʾ’ simply means making up a prayer that was missed. Life happens — illness, sleep, forgetting, learning. Islam meets you where you are.

• If you missed a prayer, pray it as soon as you remember and are able. There is no extra ritual — pray it the same way you would have, and continue.
• If you remember during another prayer’s time, the missed prayer can usually be prayed first, then the current one. Schools differ on edge cases.
• Sleep and forgetfulness are explicitly excused in the ḥadīth: the obligation is to pray when you remember.
• There is no ‘double’ qaḍāʾ. One missed prayer = one make-up prayer.
• If you have years of missed prayers, scholars recommend a steady, consistent approach — a few extra each day — rather than overwhelming yourself.